If your child is growing up speaking more than one language, you will be happy to learn about these studies showing the amazing benefits of raising bilingual children. Check them out, plus get some tips on teaching kids a second language even if you’re living in a monolingual household.
Bilingualism Is Good For Child Brain Development
Both my husband and I are native Spanish speakers so we always “naturally” spoke to our kids in our first language. I always knew this was beneficial, but I was so happy to find out about this study that explains why raising bilingual children has amazing advantages.
But don’t worry if you are not a bilingual household. Your children can definitely learn a second language outside of the home. And experts agree that the earlier they start learning another language, the better. And raising bilingual children will make them smarter!
Did you know that babies’ brains develop faster and better when exposed to more than one language?
Experts agree that when children are exposed to more than one language, their brains develop better and faster compared to children exposed to only one. And this benefit starts when they are babies are learning their very first words.
At home, we make an effort to speak only in Spanish. We know that our kids will learn English at school and with their friends no matter what. This is very important in our family not only because of the benefits of bilingualism, but because we want our kids to be proud of their roots.
Study Shows Raising Bilingual Children Will Make Them Smarter
The latest study by researchers from the University of Washington in Seattle found that development actually starts by the time babies are 11 months old and are getting ready to say their first word.
Researchers found that the area of the brain responsible for what is known as “executive function” was more developed among babies in a bilingual home than in one with just one language.
What this means, according to the experts, is that because executive function is essentially the brain’s control room, from which it organizes the rest of the brain, children who have a more developed “executive function” have better learning capabilities, and problem-solving, memory, and other skills.
This suggests that bilingualism shapes not only language development, but also cognitive development more generally.
What about homes where only one language is spoken? This study also showed that even babies from monolingual homes can develop bilingual abilities at a very early age.
Naja Ferjan Ramirez investigated how babies could learn a second language outside of the home. “With the right science-based approach that combines the features known to grow children’s language, it is possible to give very young children the opportunity to start learning a second language, with only one hour of play per day in an early education setting,” she said. “This has big implications for how we think about foreign-language learning.”
“Science indicates that babies’ brains are the best learning machines ever created and that infants’ learning is time-sensitive. Their brains will never be better at learning a second language than they are between 0 and 3 years of age,” said Patricia Kuhl, UW professor of speech and hearing sciences.
The results, Kuhl said, have the potential to transform how early language instruction is approached in the United States and worldwide. Still not convinced? Let’s check out some additional studies proving the benefits of raising bilingual children!
More science-backed benefits of teaching kids a second language
Scientists and researchers have studied the benefits of raising bilingual children for decades. Here are just a few of their most fascinating studies.
- A 2012 study done by the University of Strathclyde found that kids who speak two languages “outperform children who speak only one language in problem-solving skills and creative thinking.”
- Also in 2012, the NIH found that children who speak more than one language are better able to quickly switch between different tasks than those who speak just one. Years later, a 2018 study done by McGill University found that this same benefit also helps increase “cognitive flexibility” in children with autism
- A 2014 Northwestern University study backed up the Strathclyde one, finding that bilingual brains are “better equipped to process information more efficiently and more easily than those who know a single language.”
- Perhaps one of the most intriguing studies, in 2017 the University of Oregon found that bilingual preschoolers show better “inhibitory control” than their monolingual counterparts. In other words, it’s easier for them to control their impulses.
- Jumping way back to 2011, researchers at St. Michael’s Hospital found the “first physical evidence” that knowing more than one language can actually help delay the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. It makes sense, especially considering this 2013 study that found that bilingual kids have a better “working memory” than their counterparts.
Oh, and if you’re worried that your kids will confuse the two languages or mix them up as they get older, don’t. A 2010 APA study found that “bilingual infants, along with monolingual infants, are able to discriminate between the two languages, providing a mechanism from the first moments of life that helps ensure bilingual infants do not confuse their two languages.” Or, if you prefer something a bit more recent, a 2021 study done by Florida Atlantic University reinforced that, at least as far as Spanish goes. They found that “…there is no trade-off between English and Spanish. Rather, children reliably acquire English, and their total language knowledge is greater to the degree that they also acquire Spanish.”
As we can see, raising bilingual children makes them smarter, better able to control their impulses, and may even ward off dementia (or at least delay it) later in life. While it’s better to expose them to a second language as early as possible, it’s never too late to get started. Speaking of getting started, let’s finish this off with a few tips on how to do just that.
How to raise bilingual kids even if you’re living in a monolingual household
If you ARE a bilingual household, then simply speaking to your kids in two languages is often enough to help them master both, according to research. But what if you’re living in a monolingual household? Here are a few expert-recommended tips.
- Start as early as possible.In fact, you can start speaking a second language to your children while they’re still in the womb!
- Learn a new language alongside your kids.If you’re monolingual, now is a great time to change that. Try learning the new language with your kids. You may not pick it up as quickly as they do, but it’s a great bonding experience. Plus, it helps with the next tip.
- Speak it regularly.Consistency is key, especially if the second language isn’t your native tongue. I have friends who learned bits and pieces of different languages living overseas, but they can barely remember two words of it now that they’re back in the US and not using it as often.
- Read stories in the second language.Picture books are great because kids can tie the new vocabulary to the images.
- Use music to teach. Chalk Academy (who uses the term “target’ language) recommends listening to music in the language that you want to teach.
- Watch movies with subtitles. I recommend doing this both ways: watching foreign films with English subtitles and watching English films with subtitles in the second language that you’re trying to learn. It really works, too! My friend’s son has picked up more Japanese by watching “subbed” anime than she did in the entire 2+ years that she lived over there.
- Make it fun!!All learning should be fun, including picking up a second language. Think about how you taught your children their primary language. You didn’t just drill them with flashcards, right? I mean, sure you may have used some sight-word cards, but overall you used books, games, educational shows, and other entertaining methods.
Bottom line, teaching your kids a second language has SO many pros and hardly any cons. In fact, the ONLY “con” that I could find was one study showing that bilingual kids are slightly slower to pick up new vocab words early on. However, other studies found that they still hit all of their milestones on time and that the delay essentially vanishes by age 5 (IF it even exists, as some researchers say that it doesn’t).So, there’s really no reason NOT to teach your kid a second language and every reason TO do so, in my opinion!
What about you? Are you raising bilingual children? Share your thoughts in the comments below.
Related
FAQs
Does bilingualism make children smarter? ›
Does bilingualism make you smarter? In one sense, of course it does. You know two languages instead of one, already an advantage. Studies also show that bilingualism makes you better at learning additional languages and detecting language sounds, even when you're very young.
Why bilinguals are smarter answers? ›Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age. This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century.
Why are bilingual children smarter? ›Researchers theorize that since bilinguals are constantly processing twice as much language at any given time, their brains are more agile. Even when tasks have nothing to do with language, bilinguals still routinely out-perform monolinguals at handling two or more tasks at once.
Does being bilingual increase intelligence? ›Summary: Speaking more than one language does not improve a person's general mental ability. However, while there is no cognitive advantage to being bilingual, there are broader social and lifestyle benefits that come from speaking multiple languages.
What are the benefits of raising a bilingual child? ›Research has found that babies raised in bilingual households show better self-control,8 a key indicator of school success. Bilingual and biliterate individuals have the opportunity to participate in the global community in more ways, get information from more places, and learn more about people from other cultures.
Is it good to raise kids bilingual? ›Some researchers thought that early exposure to two languages put children at a disadvantage. Newer research tells us that this is not so, and there may be advantages to being bilingual (in addition to knowing more than one language), such as more flexible thinking.
What are 3 benefits of having a bilingual brain? ›In addition to the obvious advantages when travelling to other countries or looking for a job, bilingual people have better skills such as memory or attention. Recent research has also shown that their brains delay the symptoms of dementia and that they recover better after suffering a stroke.
Do bilingual people have better brains? ›Researchers have shown that the bilingual brain can have better attention and task-switching capacities than the monolingual brain, thanks to its developed ability to inhibit one language while using another.
What is the effect of bilingualism on intelligence? ›When children have a higher level of second language proficiency, they perform better on verbal intelligence. Levels of second language proficiency and range of information possessed by bilingual children, the ability to solve arithmetic problems, vocabulary are interdependent.
What are the benefits of bilingual learning? ›Increased cognitive function
The following are just a few of the cognitive advantages to bilingual education: Increased ability to solve problems, think creatively and recognize patterns. Improved academic performance. Enhanced linguistic awareness and understanding of an individual's native language.
How does being bilingual increase brain power? ›
Bilingual students concentrate better, ignoring distractions more effectively than those who only speak one language. “Because the language centers in the brain are so flexible, learning a second language can develop new areas of your mind and strengthen your brain's natural ability to focus."
Do bilingual students perform better? ›So, do bilingual students actually perform better academically than non-bilingual students? Thanks to the executive functioning boost that learning another language provides, research suggests that it is linked to improved academic performance.
How does the brain work differently for bilingual people? ›“Earlier studies have examined how our brains can interpret an infinite number of expressions within a single language,” observes Phillips. “This research shows that bilingual brains can, with striking ease, interpret complex expressions containing words from different languages.”
What effects does learning a second language have on the brain? ›Learning a new language through an immersive process does appear to improve functions like attention and mental alertness. It has been shown that people who speak other languages often exhibit more empathy and a global mindset.
Why do bilingual children do better in school? ›[5] Linguists believe that because they're exposed to multiple languages at a young age, they're better equipped to pick up on word structure. This can help bilingual students develop phonological awareness skills, an essential pre-reading ability, faster than their peers.
What potential advantages do bilingual children have at school? ›According to scientific studies, bilingual children are better able to focus, plan, prioritize and make decisions. As children get older they tend to score higher on cognitive tests and possess more effective communication skills. Many studies have also found that bilingualism can also help prevent dementia in old age.
What happens when you grow up bilingual? ›Summary: Children who grow up in a bilingual household are quicker at shifting their attention and faster at detecting visual changes than adults who learned a second language later in life. New research has found that growing up in a bilingual home can provide unexpected cognitive benefits later in life.
What are the effects of bilingualism on child development? ›In conclusion, research has shown that bilingualism does not lead to confusion, nor does it have any inherent negative impact on development. In the early stages of the acquisition of a second language, children hearing two languages can show some developmental lags relative to children who speak only one.
Does bilingualism improve brain functioning? ›Bilingual people enjoy advantages: they have enriched cognitive control, it's likely that they have improved metalinguistic awareness, as well as better memory, visual-spatial skills and even creativity.
What are the disadvantages of raising a bilingual child? ›The Disadvantages:
Children enjoying a bilingual environment run the risk of being isolated by the host society or of being teased by their peers when speaking in the foreign language. This teasing can have a detrimental effect on the self-esteem of the child.
Do bilingual children learn slower? ›
Learning two languages in childhood does not cause confusion or language delay. The idea that two languages causes language delays in children has been a long-standing myth in the United States. However, research has dispelled this myth.