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For this compound, WTT contains critically evaluated recommendations for:
(Please note that if more than 50 points are used for regression, only the 50 most-constraining points are reported)
- Triple point temperature
- Triple point temperature (Crystal 1, Liquid, and Gas)
37 experimental data points - Triple point temperature (Crystal 2, Crystal 1, and Gas)
5 experimental data points
- Triple point temperature (Crystal 1, Liquid, and Gas)
- Normal boiling temperature (Liquid and Gas)
- Critical temperature (Liquid and Gas)
28 experimental data points - Critical pressure (Liquid and Gas)
26 experimental data points - Boiling temperature (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Pressure
Pressure from 11.6961 kPa to 4599.2 kPa - Phase boundary pressure
- Phase boundary pressure (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
50 experimental data points - Phase boundary pressure (Crystal 1 in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 49.55 K to 90.686 K
28 experimental data points - Phase boundary pressure (Crystal 1 in equilibrium with Liquid) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6861 K to 260.852 K
47 experimental data points
- Phase boundary pressure (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
- Critical density (Liquid and Gas)
20 experimental data points - Density
- Density (Gas in equilibrium with Liquid) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
50 experimental data points - Density (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
50 experimental data points - Density (Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 4599.2 kPa
50 experimental data points - Density (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 1000000 kPa
50 experimental data points
- Density (Gas in equilibrium with Liquid) as a function of Temperature
- Isobaric coefficient of expansion
- Isobaric coefficient of expansion (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 1000000 kPa - Isobaric coefficient of expansion (Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 4599.2 kPa
- Isobaric coefficient of expansion (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
- Isothermal compressibility
- Isothermal compressibility (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 1000000 kPa - Isothermal compressibility (Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 4599.2 kPa
- Isothermal compressibility (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
- Thermal pressure coefficient
- Thermal pressure coefficient (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 1000000 kPa - Thermal pressure coefficient (Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 4599.2 kPa
- Thermal pressure coefficient (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
- 2nd virial coefficient (Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
50 experimental data points - 3rd virial coefficient (Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
45 experimental data points - Enthalpy of phase transition
- Enthalpy of phase transition (Crystal 1 to Liquid in equilibrium with Gas)
5 experimental data points - Enthalpy of phase transition (Crystal 2 to Crystal 1 in equilibrium with Gas)
4 experimental data points
- Enthalpy of phase transition (Crystal 1 to Liquid in equilibrium with Gas)
- Enthalpy of vaporization or sublimation
- Enthalpy of vaporization or sublimation (Liquid to Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
13 experimental data points - Enthalpy of vaporization or sublimation (Crystal 1 to Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 49.55 K to 90.686 K
- Enthalpy of vaporization or sublimation (Liquid to Gas) as a function of Temperature
- Heat capacity at saturation pressure
- Heat capacity at saturation pressure (Crystal 2 in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 6 K to 18.752 K
48 experimental data points - Heat capacity at saturation pressure (Crystal 1 in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 20.509 K to 90.686 K
31 experimental data points - Heat capacity at saturation pressure (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.4 K
50 experimental data points
- Heat capacity at saturation pressure (Crystal 2 in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
- Heat capacity at constant pressure
- Heat capacity at constant pressure (Ideal Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 50 K to 5000 K
42 experimental data points - Heat capacity at constant pressure (Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 4599.2 kPa
50 experimental data points - Heat capacity at constant pressure (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 1000000 kPa
50 experimental data points
- Heat capacity at constant pressure (Ideal Gas) as a function of Temperature
- Enthalpy
- Enthalpy (Crystal 2 in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 6 K to 18.752 K - Enthalpy (Ideal Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 50 K to 5000 K
- Enthalpy (Crystal 2 in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
- Entropy
- Entropy (Crystal 2 in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 6 K to 18.752 K - Entropy (Ideal Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 50 K to 5000 K - Entropy (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
- Entropy (Crystal 2 in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
- Adiabatic compressibility
- Adiabatic compressibility (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 1000000 kPa - Adiabatic compressibility (Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 4599.2 kPa
- Adiabatic compressibility (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
- Pressure coefficient of enthalpy (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 1000000 kPa - Joule-Thomson coefficient (Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 4599.2 kPa - Speed of sound
- Speed of sound (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
50 experimental data points - Speed of sound (Gas in equilibrium with Liquid) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
44 experimental data points - Speed of sound (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 1000000 kPa
50 experimental data points - Speed of sound (Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 4599.2 kPa
50 experimental data points
- Speed of sound (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
- Refractive index (Liquid) as a function of Wavelength, Temperature, and Pressure
Wavelength from 488 nm to 632.8 nm
Temperature from 90.688 K to 189.416 K
50 experimental data points - Surface tension (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
48 experimental data points - Viscosity
- Viscosity (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.4 K
31 experimental data points - Viscosity (Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
Pressure from 0.1 kPa to 4599.2 kPa
50 experimental data points - Viscosity (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
Pressure from 0.1 kPa to 100000 kPa
158 experimental data points
- Viscosity (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
- Thermal conductivity
- Thermal conductivity (Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 625 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 4599.2 kPa
50 experimental data points - Thermal conductivity (Liquid) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.564 K
Pressure from 1 kPa to 1000000 kPa
304 experimental data points - Thermal conductivity (Liquid in equilibrium with Gas) as a function of Temperature
Temperature from 90.6942 K to 190.4 K
5 experimental data points
- Thermal conductivity (Gas) as a function of Temperature and Pressure
- Enthalpy of formation (Gas)
2 experimental data points
NIST/TRC Web Thermo Tables (WTT)
NIST Standard Reference Subscription Database 3 - Professional Edition
Version 2-2012-1-Pro
This web application provides access toa collection of critically evaluated thermodynamic property data for pure compounds with a primary focus on organics.These data were generated through dynamic data analysis, as implemented in theNIST ThermoData Engine software package[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].Some critically evaluated datafrom the historicalTRC Thermodynamic Tables archive[7, 8] are included, also. As of May 2012, the Professional Edition contains information on 28432 compounds and total of 531486 evaluated data points.The properties covered by both versions (32 total) are described in Properties and Implemented Models.
Developed by Kenneth Kroenlein, Chris D. Muzny, Andrei F. Kazakov, Vladimir Diky,Robert D. Chirico, Joseph W. Magee, Ilmutdin Abdulagatov and Michael Frenkel.
Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC)
Thermophysical Properties Division
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Boulder CO 80305-3337
Questions and comments should be addressed to Dr. Michael Frenkel .
DISCLAIMER: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses itsbest efforts to deliver a high-quality copy of the database and to verify that themethods and data contained therein have been selected on the basis of soundscientific judgement. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NISTshall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions inthe program and database.
Distributed by:
Standard Reference Data Program
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg MD 20899
Compound Information
Property Availability
About this site
NIST Chemistry WebBook
©2012 copyright by the US Secretary of Commerce onbehalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Privacy Policy/Security Notice/Accessibility Statement/Disclaimer/Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
The TRC Group is part of the Thermophysical Properties Division in NIST's Material Measurement Laboratory
The National Institute of Standards and Technology is an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce
FAQs
What is the critical point for methane? ›
The gas methane, CH4, has a critical point at –82 °C and 46 atm.
What is the critical temperature pressure of methane in Fahrenheit? ›Substance | Critical temperature | Critical pressure |
---|---|---|
[°F] | [bar] | |
Methane | -117 | 46.5 |
Nitrogen (N) | -232.6 | 34.0 |
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) | 97.4 | 72.3 |
Cp,gas (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference |
---|---|---|
33.51 | 200. | Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989 |
35.69 | 298.15 | |
35.76 | 300. | |
40.63 | 400. |
, the entropy of methane is calculated to be 42.16 units at 25°.
What are the properties of methane? ›Methane is lighter than air, having a specific gravity of 0.554. It is only slightly soluble in water. It burns readily in air, forming carbon dioxide and water vapour; the flame is pale, slightly luminous, and very hot. The boiling point of methane is −162 °C (−259.6 °F) and the melting point is −182.5 °C (−296.5 °F).
At what ppm is methane combustible? ›...
Lower and Upper Explosive Limits.
Gas | LEL | UEL |
---|---|---|
Isobutylene | 1.8 | 9.6 |
Isopropanol | 2.2 | |
Methane | 5 | 17 |
Methanol | 6.7 | 36 |
Moreover, methane can be stored in the physically adsorbed state [at a pressure of 3.5 MPa (500 psi)] at energy densities comparable to methane compressed at 24.8 MPa (3600 psi).
What temperature is refrigerant critical? ›The critical point occurs at 31°C (88°F), which is below typical system condensing temperatures for part or all of the year, depending on the climate. Above the critical point the refrigerant is a transcritical fluid.
What is the critical temperature value? ›Critical temperatures (the maximum temperature at which a gas can be liquefied by pressure) range from 5.2 K, for helium, to temperatures too high to measure. Critical pressures (the vapour pressure at the critical temperature) are generally about 40–100 bars.
At what pressure does methane become liquid? ›In order to keep propane a liquid at room temperature (70° F or 21° C), it has to be held in a tank at a pressure of about 850 kPa. This can be accomplished with a strong metal tank. In contrast, to keep methane a liquid at room temperature requires a tank that can maintain a pressure of about 32,000 kPa.
What energy source is 90% methane? ›
Natural gas is composed of 70-90% methane, a potent greenhouse gas and major contributor to global warming.
What happens when methane is heated to high temperature 1500k? ›Methane disintegrates completely at temperature higher than 1200 °C (= 1480 K) without any catalyst, as expected from the analytical study.
What is thermogenic methane? ›Thermogenic methane is produced deep within the seafloor when organic material is degraded by the earth's heat. Biogenic methane is produced as a waste product when microorganisms called methanogenic archaea eat organic material; these microorganisms can only produce methane in reducing environments.
How much of pollution is methane? ›Methane is the second most abundant anthropogenic GHG after carbon dioxide (CO2), accounting for about 20 percent of global emissions. Methane is more than 25 times as potent as carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere.
How much energy does methane release? ›Every mole of methane (16 g) releases 810 KJ of energy on burning. Combustion energetics can be estimated from the bond energies for all the classifications of fossil fuels.
What are the thermal properties of methane? ›Property | Value | Value |
---|---|---|
Boiling Point | 111.51 | -259.0 |
Critical density | 10.139 | 0.3156 |
Critical Pressure | 4.5992 | 45.39 |
Critical Temperature | 190.56 | -116.66 |
- Methane is a short-lived greenhouse gas and climate pollutant. ...
- Methane primarily is produced from human sources. ...
- Methane directly and indirectly degrades air quality. ...
- Methane causes serious damage to human health. ...
- It is urgent to regulate and curb methane emissions.
- Natural.
- Anthropogenic.
- Coal.
- Oil.
- Bioenergy.
20% LEL is the High Alarm, a distress signal. Not explosive yet. 100% LEL means the gas concentration has reached the lower explosive limit and became explosive.
What is 5% LEL methane in ppm? ›E.g. Methane (CH4) L.E.L. = 5 % (=50000 ppm) and U.E.L.
What level of methane is explosive? ›
While any methane concentration within the flammability range has the potential to explode in the presence of an ignition source, a methane concentration of ~9.5% in air can produce the most damaging explosion.
At what temperature does methane explode? ›Names | |
---|---|
Flash point | −188 °C (−306.4 °F; 85.1 K) |
Autoignition temperature | 537 °C (999 °F; 810 K) |
Explosive limits | 4.4–17% |
Related alkanes | Methyl iodide Difluoromethane Iodoform Carbon tetrachloride |
In the thermal decomposition of methane at temperatures from 880 to 1103 K, hydrogen and ethane are the only primary products. The rate of formation of ethane falls rapidly towards zero as the reaction progresses until ethane reaches a steady-state concentration.
What chemicals should not be stored with methane? ›Methane reacts violently with OXIDIZING AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, NITRATES, CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE). Methane can react violently with boiling WATER and cold WATER. Liquefied Methane combined with liquefied OXYGEN can form an explosive mixture.
Which refrigerant has highest critical point temperature? ›R-11 has the highest critical point temperature.
What is high critical temperature? ›The critical temperature of a substance can be defined as the highest temperature at which the substance can exist as a liquid. At temperatures above the critical temperature, the substance in question (in its vapour/gaseous state) can no longer be liquified, regardless of the amount pressure applied to it.
Which refrigerant has highest critical point? ›∴ Ammonia has the highest critical point pressure.
What is the difference between critical temperature and temperature? ›For a pure substance, the critical pressure is defined as the pressure above which liquid and gas cannot coexist at any temperature. The critical temperature for a pure substance is the temperature above which the gas cannot become liquid, regardless of the applied pressure.
What is critical temperature critical pressure and critical volume? ›Critical constants are critical pressure, temperature, and volume. The volume of one mole of a gas volume liquefied at critical temperature is known as the critical volume (Vc) while the pressure required to liquefy the gas at critical temperature is called as the Critical pressure (pc).
What is the difference between critical point and critical temperature? ›The critical point is the highest temperature and pressure at which a pure material can exist in vapor/liquid equilibrium. At temperatures higher than the critical temperature, the substance can not exist as a liquid, no matter what the pressure.
What is the critical temperature and pressure of methane? ›
Molecular weight: 16.043 | Critical temperature:190.55 K |
---|---|
Melting point: 90.7 K | Critical pressure:4.595 MPa |
Normal boiling point:111.63 K | Critical density:562.2 kg/m3 |
Normal vapor density:0.72 kg/m3 | (@273.15 K; 1.0135 MPa) |
Consider the following: Liquid hydrogen fuel used by the space shuttle must be stored at a temperature of -252.9°C—only about 20 degrees above absolute zero! Liquid methane, on the other hand, can be stored at the much warmer and more convenient temperature of -161.6°C.
At what temp does gas turn to liquid? ›Condensation point is the temperature at which a gas starts changing into the liquid state. The condensation point of steam is 100-degree Celsius.
Who are the biggest methane producers in the world? ›The world's five largest methane emitters (from all sources) are China, India, the United States, Russia and Brazil. Together, they are responsible for close to half of all methane emissions globally.
What is the biggest source of methane in the world? ›According to the Global Methane Assessment published in 2021, methane emissions from livestock (including cattle) are the largest sources of agricultural emissions worldwide A single cow can make up to 99 kg of methane gas per year.
Does methane make the Earth hotter? ›Earth's second most abundant greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO2), methane is comparatively short-lived. Even so, methane plays a much greater role in warming the planet. Over a 100-year period, methane is 28 times more powerful than carbon dioxide at warming the earth.
What happens when methane is heated at 1000 degrees? ›Methane when heated at 1000∘C in absence of air, decomposes into carbon black and hydrogen.
At what temperature does methane spontaneously combust? ›Spontaneous ignition temperatures for stoichiometric methane-air mixtures are around 870 K (600°C) at atmospheric pressure and decrease to 660 K (390°C) at 1100 bar ignition pressure.
What does too much methane do to your body? ›High levels of methane can reduce the amount of oxygen breathed from the air. This can result in mood changes, slurred speech, vision problems, memory loss, nausea, vomiting, facial flushing and headache. In severe cases, there may be changes in breathing and heart rate, balance problems, numbness, and unconsciousness.
What is the difference between microbial and thermogenic methane? ›Thermogenic gas has a greater proportion of higher chain hydrocarbons (ethane, propane, butane, and pentane) relative to methane than microbial gas, which dominantly contains CH4 and CO2 (Schoell, 1980).
What are thermogenic properties? ›
Thermogenic, by definition, simply means an induction of heat. When it comes to your body, you use energy (i.e., calories) to produce heat. This is often referred to as metabolism or metabolic rate. Each person has a different metabolic rate – or how quickly or slowly calories are used.
How much methane is safe? ›The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has no permissible exposure limit for methane, but the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) maximum recommended safe methane concentration for workers during an 8-hour period is 1,000 ppm (0.1 percent).
How toxic is methane? ›Methane is non-toxic and creates no hazard when inhaled in limited quantities; however, if large quantities of natural gas or methane is allowed to displace air, lack of oxygen may result in suffocation.
Do humans emit methane gas? ›Between 30 and 62% of healthy subjects produce methane. Methane is produced exclusively through anaerobic fermentation of both endogenous and exogenous carbohydrates by enteric microflora in humans.
How much methane is in a human fart? ›A typical fart is composed of about 59 percent nitrogen, 21 percent hydrogen, 9 percent carbon dioxide, 7 percent methane and 4 percent oxygen.
How many kWh does methane produce? ›Electrical potential estimation was calculated with the assumption of 1 m3 biogas has a calorific value of 22 MJ, and 1 m3 methane is equal with 36 MJ. With assumption of electrical conversion efficiency of 35%, therefore 1 m3 biogas will yield 2.14 kWh (electricity) and 1 m3 methane will yield 10 kWh.
How much CO2 does burning methane produce? ›44. So 16 grams of methane (one mole) when completely burned produces 44 grams of carbon dioxide (one “gram molecular weight” or mole).
What is the critical point for a gas? ›The critical point is the temperature and pressure at which the distinction between liquid and gas can no longer be made.
What is the critical point of natural gas? ›Critical point (32.17 °C, 48.72 bar), opalescence.
What is the critical pressure of methane in bar? ›Property | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
Critical density | 10.139 | kg/m3 |
Critical Pressure | 4.5992 | bar |
Critical Temperature | 190.56 | °C |
Critical Volume | 98.63 | m3/kg |
What temperature is the critical point? ›
2.4.
The critical pressure and critical temperature of water and steam are 22.12 MPa and 647.14 K, respectively. Any boiler that operates below the critical point is called a subcritical boiler, and one that operates above the critical point is known as a supercritical boiler.
So, CO2 gas has the highest value of critical temperature among given gases.
What are acceptable levels of natural gas? ›Hazardous Impurities
The NIOSH 8 hour exposure level is 10 ppm. A maximum allowable short-term exposure level, (STEL), of 50 ppm for 15 minutes is allowable, if no other exposure occurs.
Answer - CO2 gas has the highest value of critical temperature among given gases.
What is the percent of methane in air that will give 100% LEL? ›We generally consider its LEL (lower explosive level) to be 5% by volume (5% bv). The mixture is too lean to burn if less than 5% methane is present. But at 5%, we can burn or explode if there is an ignition source. So we call 5% bv methane the same as 100% LEL.
At what pressure does methane explode? ›Maximum explosion pressures for methane-air mixtures range from 1.1 to 1.6 bar for lean to 7.8–8.5 for stoichiometric mixtures in different vessels. KG value ranges from 78 to 92 bar m/s for stoichiometric mixture and 3–12 bar m/s for lean mixture.
How long does methane stay in the air? ›Methane has a much shorter atmospheric lifetime than carbon dioxide (CO2) – around 12 years compared with centuries – but absorbs much more energy while it exists in the atmosphere. Methane also affects air quality because it can lead to ground level (tropospheric) ozone, a dangerous air pollutant.
How long does it take for methane to break down into co2? ›After about 12 years, the methane is converted into carbon dioxide through hydroxyl oxidation.